Plaigarism Debate

I agree that it is plagiarism, though Viswanathan paraphrased what McCafferty said she did not give credibility to her. I really do not find the difficulty of putting other authors words in parentheses, say the author, and put a page number at the end of the quote. These little things are easy to forget but by not putting these little things can get someone into serious trouble. An excellent situation is the argument between the two ladies above Viswanathan and McCafferty. This controversy is increasing appearing after every year in high school students. New high school students are continuing to do the same thing over the years at an increasing rate with new students following the same process and getting low grades for plagiarizing on their school papers. Even if you go do some research for your paper and you found an author phrase what you meant to say and their is no other way to word what you want to write. Most of the students will just copy and paste what the author said and insert it into their paper and do not give the proper parts needed to make it a quotation rather than plagiarism. These little things on a paper with quoting authors can easily change your grade from an A to an F just by adding the quotation marks, page number and the author who wrote it. Just me writing about this can be very infuriating, these little things that we need to add to consider it a quotation and we don't is just frustrating.

The article from the Inside Higher ED "Skimming the Surface" is showing us what students do on their papers from plagiarism, quotation, citation, and summary. As a result the way that the students do their quotations and such all turn out to be in improper forms comparing what they are suppose to look like to what they have found. Out of the 15 colleges they looked at for surveillance to keep a tally on the number of students that plagiarized on a paper was overwhelming. Almost all of the students had committed a way of plagiarism without realizing what they have done. Most of the colleges would kick students out of their university if they were caught plagiarizing. Their are so many incidents of plagiarism and the only way to resolve this reoccurring issue is to start with the youth so when they grow up they will know what to do and will not be accused of plagiarism.

chapter 12

The thing that I found interesting was the fact that Humes followed a family throughout the entire chapter along with the length of the cahpter as well. Some of the points that Humes discusses in this chapter is very real and can be fixed by little things that a family can do to reduce their waste production. Most of the key points that is discussed can all be fixed by simply reducing what we spend. Some of the phrases that is said makes sense and creative, such as the fact that their are infact 4R's rather than three.These  4R's stand for reduce, reuse, recycle, and refuse which in our reality the government hides taht last "R" so it would make it feel like it is all about recycling when there are so much more that could be done. Anotehr thing taht was interesting was the fact that "The American Dream" is not what we thought it would be it is in fact a case of how much financial freedom one person has, that is the true American Dream.  Another thing that I found shocking was that everytime we buy something 10percent of the price is for its packaging, that indeed is interesting and a sneaky way to get some profit in our products. Seems to me that those big corporations has found all of these little tricks toget money out of everything. This is just a sneaky way to make more money then they already do, this is indeed infuriating and tomake matters worse their is nothing we can do to stop it. The big corporations control more than half of the money the U.S. has, more than the government. Their is no hope for us anymore because we will never get the big companies to take action and clean up there products that they make us buy and doesn't suffer the consequences of improper disposal, all they do is expect us to take care of ourselves along with the waste we produce when infact it is teh big companies materials and we are deliberately throwing it away with no care for it at all.

chapter 11

In chapter 11 the interesting about it was the little title that Humes gives it, Green Cities and Garbage Death Rays. I was surprised that out of the entire U.S. there is only one city that has ranked the top or near the top of every survey and sustainability every since the 1970's. Throughout all of cities in the U.S. Portland, Oregon is in fact the one city that has more eco-friendly projects that are still active and are substantially effective. They produce about 59percent of recycled material which is right under San Francisco with 77percent. Though this is better than the American average of 24percent, most of the recycled material is either thrown away or burned for energy in 2010. Metro (Greater Portland Metropolitan Area) produced 1.3tons of trash the last time their statistics were released.  Metro sends 60 massive trucks everyday filled with trash to the Columbia Ridge Landfill to the border of Washington, that is approximately a trash truck every 24minutes. I find to be very frequent and that is almost 400miles away so why would we do that? We can't just minimize our consumption so it will reduce the amount of waste we produce. In Arlington, Washington they are working on a new way to dispose our waste by the process of plasma gasification. This "new" process of disposing our waste would be a technology that vaporizes garbage with arcs of electrical energy that will heat the material to 25,000degrees. It sounds like they are burning the trash but their is no presence of oxygen therefore it wont combust. It instead uses a synthetic gaseous fuel and a lump of shiny rock like volcanic glass and it is locked up safely. This new process of disposing trash reduces 99percent of the original trash volume with remains of obsidian that weighs about 20pounds worth for every ton of trash. That sounds cool and I think this method should be used in all landfills or incinerators so it would resolve almost everything. The only thing that we still need to worry about is the leftover waste from this process and what are we going to do with all of the obsidian. I believe this is the best solution yet, but another question is how long can we produce this synthetic gaseous fuel.

GAIA: Incinerators

I do not see the point of burning our trash other to save space when we throw it away, but does anyone ever think of the amount of harm that we are doing to our planet when we do so. By burning our trash we are doing nothing but polluting the environment, us, seas, food, and we are potentially releasing harmful chemicals into the atmosphere. There is just a over flowing amount of negative things that comes from burning our trash, and the main thing is that when we do so we pollute the air when we burn it and we also ruin the soil when we place the ashes into the ground. Not only the fact that its harmful to both land and air but it is the most expensive to maintain out of all of the ways to handle our trash as the least of their worries but they also have the worst job ratio beyond comparison to anyone else. All of the harsh chemicals that we put into our materials have been disposed of incorrectly and has been polluting the land and the air if we burn our trash. I am just hoping to find a way to resolve our trash epidemic before it gets to a point that we can not go back.

Continental Drift

In the UK, they are planning to open a public residual waste plant but by doing so they will over produce their regular waste amount. This has evolved into a big war between SRF(Solid Recovered Fuel) versus the RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel) along with the issue of exporting our trash over seas.  The thing that Eunomia fears the most is that they will encounter a shortage and overwhelming amount of trash flow to their shores. Another issue that they are worried about is that they are afraid that they will not have enough funding for this plan to take its full shape. Europeans are terrified that they if they go through with this plan they have predicted a  surreal number that could ultimately over flow the UK with so much trash that they could possibly be drowned in trash.  The Europeans have saved thousand of dollars to construct their incinerators but by doing so they have exceeded their maximum capapcity. In their graph that they have shown, proves that the Netherlands has surpass the overcapacity limit and they are the highest number imported from the UK. Though the UK has the space for all of the trash they will increase their landfill tax for imported trash. I was hoping that we didn't have to conclude to putting our trash into other countries but we are already doing that with China and our scrap paper, so the vibe that I am getting is that paper to China so plastic to Europe, our most allied nation that we have. I was just hoping to have someone to resolve our trash crisis and put an end to this before it goes to far that it would be impossible to reverse, lets not end up like Wall-E.

chapter 10

The interesting thing about chapter ten was in the first paragraph when they asked if anyone ever thought of going to the landfills with leftovers from your front lawn and come home with one of your wildest imagination. Well this came true for Andy Keller, his dream came true. they both came home and got pushed into the middle of a heated argument between bag manufacturers and multiple cities wanting to ban plastic bags. Keller use to be a software trade, selling enterprise-grade code for a company in San Francisco with the occasional call home to Chico, CA. Later after he got laid off, Keller decided to redecorate his home. As it turns out when he was done digging in the yard he had no where to put all of the waste from the digging, that would lead him to go to the landfills. The thing that grabbed his attention from the trip was the odor, yet I had the same response, the smell was unexplainable and horrendous. Aside the odor or the endless piles of trash the thing that truly stuck to him was the amount of plastic bags that were there and how it got caught in almost everything. By the time Keller left he began to plan how can he avoid these bags of mayhem, during his drive home he thought of ways to use reusable bags rather than plastic. By the time he got home he was finding ways to put his new knowledge to a way that would translate into a new career. While he thought about this he realized that there was a minority of people doing this but they always complained about them so Keller concluded to create a new reusable bag that would be easy to use and it can fold up. The next day he began creating his idea, endlessly working on it for days on end with prototypes, materials, and sketching's. Finally he came up with a bag that was durable, foldable, and effective which soon launched him into a company of reusable bags "Chico Bags" with almost $100,000 of credit and the credit card that he used for the company maxed out at $5,000. After the years in his company he created a super-villain alter ego that would be known as Bag-Monster. Not to long after the creation of this super-villain came a flood of requests and demonstrations for it and it eventually lead into a program of borrowing the suit. This sure sounds like a dream come true.

chapter 09

In the beginning of this chapter follows a female worker in the PDA we sort of follow her routine at work, before, and after which was a good anecdote to start off this chapter as a new section. The thing that got my attention about this chapter was its little title he gave, it sounds like he/she was actually part of the process of the landfills. Niki Ulehla sounds like she could be a worker for the PDA or a dumpster diver, i was unsure of by the fact that she was scuffling through the trash and found a little piece of something that she was looking for. Later in the chapter they reveal the fact that she is a neighborhood artist by constructing her artworks from pieces that she finds in the junk yard. This was an artist that wanted to make something from other peoples trash to inspire people to see what they are throwing and what they can be used instead. In San Francisco they have developed the AIR program to raise awarness fo the amount of trash they are tossing into the trash and how much is going into the dumps. This program started in 1990 as a southside oddity.Unfortunately this has turned into a unlikely icon which has led to many places attempting to imitate it. As an attempt to imitate this it works but it does not last as long is the original does. In comparison to all of the other dumps around San Francisco the PDA is the one that has dominated all others with a 20ft deep football field indoor swimming pool of trash. As it turns out it is a loud, stinking dangerous place, filled with an ever-shifting whirlpool of debirs and heavy machinery 24/7, due to these factors no one has figured how to attract dancers and an audience into the facility with any reasonable of comfort or safety. I hope that someone will see what we are doing to our planet and make a difference.

The Incinerator as Eye Candy

What Elisabeth Rosenthal talks about in this article is rather intereseting given the fact that in Denmark they design their plants in a unique way that the design contributes to producing clean energy. Some twenty years ago Denmark passed a "pollution control" stating that it would construct tall smokestacks so would dispers the dirty emissions far and wide. Now in modern times that is no longer necessary because they have developed a way to clean the air through a series of filters and scrubbers ridding of most of the harful pollutants, rather of demolishing the old incinerators they have decided to reopen them but put a modern twist to them the emit clean air instead of teh harsh chemicals it would normally produce. Along with the new retrofitted technology in the old ones and new plants they also added some interesting designs on them to make them unique in their own way. Now people aurrounding them do not mind them because they enjoy the fact that it makes clean air, heat, and electricity, so their is no need to argue with the government about where they are placed like our issue with Puente Hills. They should do this in America so it would resove the landfills issue and instead of having people argue about it why not benefit from them, the same way Europe is benefitting from them.

chapter 08

In chapter 08, the the thing that i found shocking was that in World War 2 the U.S. was producing 2.5 million pounds of wasted food a day during the war. How can someone be so wasteful of the thing that we consume to survive besides water. Archaeologist Bill Rathje wanted to determone how much food we waste over the decades. He has discovered that about half of the food that we produce is thrown away through surplus of food, why do we produce so much food when the reality we are making more then we can eat. He excavates ancient ruins from our past to get a better understanding of how they lived, what did they do, and studied all of the little details are the ones that count. As of today the Garbage Project is the one on charge of all of the all of the excatation details that relates to waste of the old, as a little artifact they have uncovered a little aluminum can, that was dated to a time befor the pull-tabs taht we have today. This little fact was interesting because our fountain drinks concept was around before us, around the Egyptian time if i remember correctly. At first Rathje did not know how to classify this finding 'til later, when he found more of same thing is when he understood what it was. In the Garbage Project they have developed a catalog of all of the things that has been thrown away, a total of 190 separate codes in all. In all of their codes they have unvailed an alarming rate of food waste when they started crunching the numbers and the little thing that they used ot keep track of the food was that they found a large amount of meat being thrown away, so they used that as a tracker so they wont lose their spot in the process of counting. In the process of calculating the amount of meat consumed they noticed that their was more food wasted during the shortage months, with the conclusion that people bought more before the shorrtage months stasrted but would have to throw it away when the food went bad, they have wasted 3 times their normal waste rate of 3percent. How can people be so wasteful when their are others in the world that are starving and here we are wasting the food that could be used to feed the hungry. Its just infuriating on how much food we waste and the food that we are wasting is more then enough to feed the hungry. The food that we waste in a day can feed the hungry for weeks on end but why aren't we doing that, we would rather toss the food then feed the hungry, how can we be so careless of this. If it were the other way around people would do it, if we are willing to do it if it were the other way why not now with the situation that is at hand now.

the story of electronics

It was surprising to me how much e-waste we produce and what its doing to us throughout the process, what the video says is true but what has been done to fix this in America. The thing that shocked me was that we produce 25 million tons of e-waste annually and when we "recycle" it actually goes over seas and pollute other people. I do not understand why do we put toxins in everything we use, their is really no need for them but we add them to what benefit. Their are some cases that our old electronics have an overwhelming amount of toxins in them such as our old televisions contained 5lbs. of lead, I personally find that to be a lot of lead and what was it suppose to do for the television would be my next question. It really does not make sense to change the outlets every 18 months, its no real good reason but for people to go buy the latest technology so it will work, but when the next latest technology comes out you will have to trash your some what new one because some of its features are not going as fast as it use to be or maybe its on the verge of being obsolete. I just frustrates me that corporations find these little things to change on our electronics that will make the old versions obsolete because it has more storage space or it is faster then the older model. What the lady in the video said about putting all of the old models in the big corporations garage is not really a bad idea when you come to think about it, that will indeed make a difference but our government will not punish them but us for doing such a thing. That is just unfair because the government is backing up the big corporations more then the people that for the people that put our representatives into congress to just turn  their backs on us because we have less money. The corporations have this disgusting feeling from them after every article I read that mentions them and what they do to make more money, even they have to poison everything in the process, they almost sound like a overlord from hell robbing people of everything they work hard to get, it is just infuriating. At least now we can learn from these dirty secrets and make a change in them.

chapter 07

The question that is first introduced in the beginning of the chapter actually makes you think about it for a while, to me i woukf find that to be pretty cool but creepy. The approach in this chapter is a interesting one, almost like what a kid would wonder about, but the fact they are saying is entirely true if the trash was a "smart trash." Sadly this can not be real because we have not thought about it much on where it goes, whats put into it, and who does it harm. Without  these facts our crisis on trash is only a figment of our imagination when it is actually spreading like a wild fire with no sign of stopping. though this is a major problem that no one seems to care about their are some groups starting to "bug" our trash to see where it goes. I find to be a good idea though it would have been better if they did while it was still a minor issue. the levels of tracking the garbage was broken into three parts which I did not know that was even possible to begin with after all it does boil down to just trash. MIT, has developed a small device that they can hide inside the electronics to keep track of it when it goes through the cycle of producing, using, and trashing, though the device allows researchers in MIT to have an idea of where is the trash going and what is happening to it while it battles the elements of nature. The graph that Humes supplies in this chapter is rather startling do to the amount of electronnics we throw away and most of it is teh thing that we always have with us, our cell phones. The number of cell phones we generate, dispose, and recycle are guaranteed to be surreal to any ordinary person but the numbers doesn't lie, we are not even close to the number that we are suppose to be recycling our phones. Of the numerous units of phones we have only ten percent of the  units are recycled compared to how much is generated. All of the electronics taht we have are not being recycled as much as we should be, most of it goes to the trash when it can serve as a better purpose, reused electronics rather then spending millions of dollars to blow holes in the ground to get minerals to put in the phones when all you need to do is recycle the older models and use what you can in the newer models. I hope we will start doing stuff like this so more people will become aware about the crisis we are in with our own trash.

19-Year-Old Develops Ocean Cleanup Array That Could Remove 7,250,000 Tons Of Plastic From the World's Oceans

The amount of thought this 19yr. old put into this plan is flawless, this could be the answer that everyone is looking for to rid the plastic in the ocean without harming the sea life. I wonder why no one thought about this before but the question I have for the creator is how can the machine determine which is plastic and which is plankton? I am guessing that everyone that has asked this question do to the case that both plastic and plankton are about the same size, so how can it determine which is which. Another thing that was interesting was that this use to be a school paper that would win the Best Technical Design 2012, and a few months later he created a small scale of the project that could remove 7,250,000 tons of plastic if the government decides to invest in his invention. Boyan Slant, the 19yr old boy who designed this contraption went into a non-profit organization to make his idea a reality, the only down side is that it will take 5yrs. to gather the amount of plastic it said it would collect, then their should be more than 1 of his inventions to keep up with the rate of trash that is getting put in the ocean. I hope that this invention will be the permanent solution to the trash in the ocean, but I doubt it would be because of all of the time, effort, fabrication, making might not be enough to keep up with the rate that us Americans are throwing trash away.

Scripps Study Shows Plastic in Pacific Garbage Patch Has Increased 100-Fold

Researchers at San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography has stated that insects have been laying their eggs in small clutters of plastic swept in from the ocean, another thing they have stated is that we are unaware of the magnitude of how much plastic is actually in the ocean. They have found that many people think that the ocean has some plastic bottles, cups, milk gallons, and more things floating near the ocean when in fact their is enough plastic in the ocean to cover Texas over the length of thousands of square miles in various sizes. Another shocking fact was that out of the 141 varieties of fish in the Pacific Garbage Patch (PGP), 9percent of them has plastic in their stomachs at this rate in maybe 5-10 years all of the fish in the PGP will have plastic in their stomachs unless we find a way to fix it before its too late. To make matters even worse is that the recent tsunami in Japan is only going to add to the amount of debris in the ocean. Unfortunately all of the efforts we put towards cleaning the ocean has been a literal waste of time when we are not even making a dent in the amount of trash their is in the ocean.

chpater 06

The interesting about chapter 6 was that Miriam Goldstein had done some field work disguised as different people learning about the overwhelming amount of plastic in the ocean. The stuff she does is remarkable, going to great lengths to figure out what can be done now to fix the damage that has already been done to the ocean. Another thing that got my attention was that she went to UCSD and their Scripps Institution to place a plan that would only focus on the coastal pollution, but that did nit stop her until she found out the "plastic oceans" in the heart of the gyres. It was also surprising how she was able to get UCSD to give her a grant and the Kaisei Project giving her the tools she needed to  finish the research she wanted to perform. The trash debris she found near the gyre on its own was twice the size of Texas from one gyre, imagine all of the trash at sea combined is enough to cover the U.S. twice as much or all of the land masses with some left over. The other thing that I was unaware of is that their is a lot of high concentration levels of plastic throughout the ocean. Another thing that I found odd from Goldstein's research is that the plankton did not mind the trash at all, it almost looked like their was  some kind of treaty between trash and the smallest sea life. As of now the POPs are unsure if the plastic particles are helping or increasing the magnitude of its dangers by absorbing all of the man made chemicals in the ocean by acting as little chemical magnets in the sea is one thing that the biologists are unsure on. I hope they will figure out a solution and put a stop to it before its too late.

chapter 05

In chapter 5, the thing that interested me was the facat that their is a lot of trash in the ocean, with biologists taking samples from the socean and dare not doing anything big enough to make a big change. From their samples they have discovered that their is a 6-1 ratio from plastic particles (nurdles) to plankton, another discovery was that the local fishermans estimated on a daily basis 10 percent of the fish they catch are filled with plastic. the thing that infuriates me sthe most is that we know what is the ocean but we are not doing enough to make a difference in it. Another cool thing was that a fundation was emerged from a group of random people that wanted to make a difference so the ocean will be cleaner. Most of the people that the Kaisei Fundation encountered have said that what she is looking to do to solve it is impossible, and her approach will never work. She did not care what other people say because she knows that it will work and it maybe the last option to clean the ocean. The other thing that I did not know was that the gyre's swirl our overwhelming amount of trash and concentrates it in the center where their are nothing but  plastic debris  and hardly any sea life foound within it. Though what the Kaisei Fundation suggest can get rid of the planktons in the ocean it will rid the ocean of most of the plastic in the ocean, from whole containers to the little nnurdles "plastic pellets." The thing that I wonder is why isn't there a filter fo rthe sea water to remove all of the trash before it goes to the ocean and decompose and spread to all near by island in the Pacific Ocean like our shores, Japan, Alaska, the Anarctic, and anything in between, they are all getting beachg shores filled with trash, and sometimes it get to the point that the plastic pellets will get on shore and will mix in with the sand and rocks on our beach shores. I am hoping that someone will develop a way to clean the oceans without removing the plankton in the ocean or else the next time we go the ocean it will be called a sea of trash.

chapter 04

The thing about chapter four is that it caught my attention by using a CEO for a anecdote, the other thing is that he can safely be called America's king of trash due to the fact that he has $12 billion in revenues with over 22 million customers surprised me.  It is pleasant to hear another persons point of view on trash, even from someone who made a fortune out other peoples trash. He can literally take the old saying "One mans trash is another mans treasure" seriously.  His ideas of trash has really have an effect on major corporations like Walmart to truly recapture the value of trash, to go toward zero waste, and to close the loop that we currently are going through.  The interesting fact that I found was that the largest garbage company started with a Dutch immigrant who later passed it down through the generations describing all of its ups and downs which later lead to the creation of WMI" Waste Management Incorporation." A way that the garbage companies are helping with the environment is by fueling their trash trucks with natural gases that they gather from our trash which I think that if its going so well for them why not share it with the rest of the world to reduce the landfills and to give us the opportunity to generate our own natural fuel system for our vehicles and homes.  This is some really cool stuff that everyone could benefit from like us burying our own trash so we can get our own natural fuel and the sanitation rules that finally took action in the 1980's should have kicked in earlier like thirty yrs. ago.

when puente hills landfill will close?

It was suppose to have closed in 2003, bu it was extended to this year, now the government is thinking to postpone it again til 2018 instead. Nearby citizens are complaining and want it to be close by this fall. Who knows it may close this fall or stay open fo ranother five years.

The Joy of Garbage article

I did not realize that most of the issues that occur around the globe is due to bad garbage policies that we ignore and allow it to grow into a big problem. The point that Mr. Parkin is trying to get to is that we need to find other ways of reducing and disposing our trash effectively and efficiently so that it will not destroy the earth we care so much about. In the interviews from the students they have discovered that their older relatives always recycled but not as a planet hazard but more out of a necessity that seemed natural to them, which this shocked the interviewees.  The clip on the article tells a big point that we are consuming way more than what is needed to be made, it also pointed out that even though we are only five percent of the world we produce thirty percent of the world's waste which to me does not seem right.  I thought that we should produce only what we need to produce and throw away things that we really do not need to get like the latest trend, technology, and cars, these are all reasons why our economy is doing do poorly due to the amount of effort that is being used to produce something that we will buy that will be thrown away in no more than six months.  Another interesting fact is that as of today we produce twice as much as we did fifty years ago, which is around the time the creation of ads, landfills, and mass production, which are all unnecessary but was considered to our economy, because the government said it was.  The other true fact is that we are rapidly destroying our planet by using the natural resources, and adding toxins into our products, which is unnecessary, the other thing is that when we throw it away some of our waste gets burned which not ruins the land and water but also effects the air. All of the things that we could stop but choose not too such as not producing as much, buying things that we really do not need, and recycling what ever we can.  I am just hoping that this cycle will be stopped permanently and create a new cycle that won't ruin the earth as bad as we are doing so right now while we minimize our mass production before their is no natural resources to use.

Humes Interview

The interview is really talking about us and how much we have changed over the years, it also mentions within the first paragraph it tells us where all of our trash usually goes from dumps, to the ocean, to China.  Some of the statistics that he gives reall phenominal like the fact that the average person throughs away seven punds of trash a day, thats a lot of trash in my opinion, bu he is not lying its just that we do not really focus on what goes into our trash bins all the time.  Humes also stated that the statistics that he found is way more then expected but the at is the trrue fact.  Another thing was that you should not trust what you read from the EPA, their calculations were way off according to HUmes and for that he had to entirely rewrite his manuscript when he found the real statistics.  HE also talks about how most of the trash that is in the landfills should be recycled rather then in the trash, and another big issue with landfills is the amount of methane that is produced due to the decomposition which to me just shocks me, which is big contribution to our greenhouse gas.  Humes also said that the amount of methane that is produced in the landfills has enough energy to supply 70,000 homes, and all of it is being wasted with no one caring on some of the reasons why our economy has some of these problems. I am wondering when will America wake up and realize that their are little things that could be fixed that be one of the maiun resources to supply our homes in the future.

cahpter 03

In chapter three their was a lot of historical facts that I never knew or heard about such as our plastic consumption was nonexistent in the 1960’s but by the time we hit the year 2000 that number went from nearly invisible to the second highest thing we throw away.  Another fact that I did not know was that the era plastic was born it also coexisted with the introduction of television ads.   Assumingly with all of the ads came along with the mass of people having an urge to buy the newest and latest thing which gave birth to credit cards and interest which allowed people to borrow money to buy more things and would have to pay the bank back with interest if they were late on a payment. All of the things listed above has been invented in the sixties and has stuck with us to the present. An interesting fact that I later found later on in the chapter was the credit card debt asset in 2008, placing the third highest with 7.8 percent.  Although with the time of the plastic era came with our new invention that basically surrounds us everyday plastic bottles, plates, cups, utensils, with all of them allowing a one time use only which has grown exponentially in the dumps.

chapter 02

            The second chapter is a whole other story it is literally stuffed with history about all of the solutions for the garbage we have in the nineteenth century. A few of the solutions that were used in the time were piggeries, then came Colonel Waring and his White Wings who cleaned up all of the trash in the streets but people later disagreed with him because his idea was too costly  so they came to the solutions of dumps and stuck with it ever since. I did not know that every household use to have incinerators but the issue that came with that was all of the ash, which the Supreme Court later banned all incinerators in 1962.  Eventually they decided to just stick with the dumps that we have today.

chapter 01

The thing that caught my attention in chapter one is as soon as I open to the first chapter was its title “Ain’t No Mountain High Enough” really in itself tells the reader a vivid idea about the chapter before you start reading. Another fact that I found to be important would be the kind of equipment they need to use to contain all of our garbage on a daily basis and they even consider their job as a piece of art like Mike Speiser ”Big Mike.”  He claims that his job is creating master pieces out of other peoples’ garbage; he has this unique ability that his employees would call it magical because he can see the master piece within it before it was formed.  Another interesting fact about this chapter is that all of the garbage in the Los Angeles area goes to Puente Hills, which I did not know with the detail that Big Mike uses a sixty-thousand pound compacter everyday to maintain the garbage.

Testing